ILNSEHER v. GERMANY (applications nos. 10211/12 and 27505/14, judgment of 4 December 2018): retroactivepreventive detention of person with mental disorder, catch-all construction of the Convention notion of “person of unsound mind”, minimalist understanding of the principle of legality, erasure of the autonomous meaning of the Convention notion of “penalty”.

KUTTNER v. AUSTRIA (application no. 7997/08, judgment of 16 July 2015): illtreatment of offender with mental health problems, failure of the “therapy instead of penalty” model, lack of judicial oversight

ETUTE v. LUXEMBOURG (application no. 18233/16, judgment of 30 January 2018): lack of judicial control of conditional release revocation.